Assessment of Naproxen and Paracetamol in Mixed Tablet

Assessment of Naproxen and Paracetamol in Mixed Tablet METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ASSESSMENT OF NAPROXEN AND PARACETAMOL IN MIXED TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY RP-UPLC K.KANAKAPARVATHI*, Vijay Nagarjan, Santha Arcot and CH Hemanth Kumar. ABSTRACT An advancement design and corroboration for simultaneous assessment of Naproxen (NAP) and Paracetamol (PAR) in merged tablet dosage form by UPLC. The column used in determination was C18 thermo fisher (50cm x 4.6 mm x 3Â µm), mobile phase used in this method was 0.4% ammonium acetate buffer: methanol: acetonitrile (40:40:20), the retention time was about 1.9 minutes and 3 minutes for PAR and NAP of a total run time of 5 minutes, with flow rate of 0.2ml per minute respectively at a wavelength of 271nm, linearity of the method was linear over the range of 38.496 to 57.664ÃŽ ¼g/ml for Paracetamol and 64.096 to 95.968ÃŽ ¼g/ml of Naproxen respectively with a correlation of 0.999 for simultaneous assessment for PAR and NAP thus the method was fast, simple, elegant and less time consuming method Keywords: Naproxen, Paracetamol RP-UPLC, Method validation INTRODUCTION Naproxen is chemically 2-Naphthaleneacetic acid, 6-methoxy-ÃŽ ±-methyl-(s)-(+)-(s)-6 methoxy-ÃŽ ±-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid as shown in (Figure 1). It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for minimizing of moderate to severe torment, delirium, inflammation and stiffness. [6-11]. Paracetamol (PAR) is chemically N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (Figure 2), It has analgesic and antipyretic activity for the therapy of subsidiary, non-inflammatory conditions of patient who were prone to gastric symptoms [12-14]. The merger of these two drugs are used in the remedy [11] of Musculoskeletal Disorder (Sprain/Strains) Trauma Fractures/injuries), Occupational affliction, Joint torment, Low Back laceration the literature review supports legion UPLC methods for the evaluation of NAP and PAR independently and in combination with other drugs but There was no UPLC method had been reported for the determination of NAP and PARA in merged dosage form So an experiment was taken to expand and corroborate a rapid RP-UPLC method [1-5] for the determination of NAP and PARA in mixed tablet dosage forms. Figure 1 NAPROXEN Figure 2 Paracetamol MATERIALS NAP and PAR was earned from Ideal analytical and research institution puducherry, India. All chemicals worn were analytical standard. The pharmaceutical tablet dosage form used in this study was NAPROSYN P with a label claim of NAP 300mg and PAR 500mg were purchased from local pharmacy. INSTRUMENTATION AND APPARATUS The uplc system used for advancement design and corroboration was thermo accela equipped with 1050 quaternary pump auto sampler and photodiode array detector. The detector output were recorded and processed using chrome quest software version 5.0 sonicator (PCI bath sonicator ) was used for degassing of mobile phase and sonication of the solutions prepared SOFTWARE: The statically calculation for the analysis was performed by using Microsoft excel 2010 software (Microsoft, USA) METHOD CORROBORATION: SYSTEM SUITABILITY: System suitability was determined by injecting the standard solution and observed the parameters like retention time, peak area, relative standard deviation, tailing factor, USP theoretical plates. LINEARITY For testing of linearity five different concentration of sample solution (80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, and 120%) was injected and checked over by plotting the graph as peak area verses concentration thus the data treated by linear regression analysis. ACCURACY Accuracy can be done by injecting the sample solution with known standard concentration and the amount of percentage recovery gives the accuracy of sample. PRECISION Precision can be evaluated by Interday and intraday, were the same sample solution has to be assayed for the same day and on different days at different time intervals ROBUSTNESS The determination of robustness can be done by changing the experimental condition deliberately. The condition may include of changing in mobile phase flow rate, pH and temperature, the percentage of RSD, tailing factor, resolution, were cross check with the original data. RESULT DISCUSSION: The method has validated according to the norms of international harmonization of conference (ICH) guidelines with regards of system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness as follows SYSTEM SUITABILITY The system suitability tests were carried out to evaluate the resolution and reproducibility of the system for the analysis. The results of the system suitability test were summarized in Table No.1. Table 1: System suitability results S.No PARAMETERS PAR NAP 1 Retention Time 1.807 3.007 2 Peak area 410801 306340 3 Percentage area 57.28 42.72 4 Theoretical plates 2633 3306 5 Resolution 0.0000 0.85712 6 Tailing factor 1.754 1.696 Solution stability The solvents which had been used in the mobile phase were cost effective than the solvents used in the other UPLC methods which are reported in the literatures. Standard and samples solution stability was studied above 12 and 24 hours and found stable against the freshly prepared standard. Table2. Results of Solution stability Time (hrs) Percentage Assay Percentage difference in assay PAR NAP PAR NAP Initial 99.92 99.99 0.002 0.001 After 12 hrs 99.52 99.57 0.003 0.002 After 24 hrs 99.12 99.19 0.001 0.002 LINEARITY Linearity of the method was evaluated at 5 different concentration levels of 38.496 to 57.664ÃŽ ¼g/ml for Paracetamol and 64.096 to 95.968ÃŽ ¼g/ml of Naproxen respectively. Both the drugs were found to give linear detector response in the concentration under study with correlation coefficient of 0.997 and 0.999 for PAR and NAP respectively. Table3: Linearity study for NAP and PAR S.NO PARAMETERS PAR NAP 1 Linearity range 38.49 57.664ÃŽ ¼g/ml 64.09 -95.96ÃŽ ¼g/ml 2 Correlation coefficient (r2) 0.997 0.999 3 Slope 3769.8726 2867.1591 4 Intercept 1567.7362 0.1591 ACCURACY Accuracy of the method was determined by recovery test. The percentage recovery was found to be within the concentration of 100 to 115 as 100, 105, 110, and 115 (Table4). All results indicate that the method is highly accurate. Table: 4(a) accuracy data for PAR S.NO ACCURACY LEVEL STANDARD AREA SAMPLE AREA Mg/tab PERCENTAGE 1 100 404871 393726 499.83 99.97 2 105 404871 413927 525.48 105.1 3 110 404871 433143 549.87 109.97 4 115 404871 454077 576.46 115.29 Table 4(b) accuracy data for NAP S.NO ACCURACY LEVEL STANDARD AREA SAMPLE AREA Mg/tab PERCENTAGE 1 100 306460.4 303506 299.26 99.75 2 105 306460.4 319467 315.00 105.00 3 110 306460.4 334246 329.57 109.86 4 115 306460.4 350847 345.94 115.31 PRECISION This method was validated for its inter-day and intra-day precision. The results (table4) obtained were within the acceptable limit. Table 5: results for precision studies s.no Parameter(units) PAR NAP STANDARD AREA SAMPLE AREA PERCENTAGE STANDARD AREA SAMPLE AREA PERCENTAGE 1 Interday precision (1st day) (2nd day) (3rd day) 404871 404871 404871 401886 402568 403442 100.87 99.28 100.74 306460 306460 306460 307076 307209 309589 99.77 98.08 100.07 2 Intraday precision 1sthrs 2nd hrs 3rd hrs 404871 404871 404871 402645 401507 400271 100.17 100.65 100.49 306460 306460 306460 309957 307438 307946 99.82 99.76 100.07 3 Average 100.366 99.595 4 SD 0.584 0.75 5 RSD 0.582 0.758 ROBUSTNESS The robustness of the method was determined and the percentage RSD of the results was found to be less than 2.0%, which demonstrate that the developed method is robust. Table6. Results of Robustness parameter CHANGED PARAMETERS FLOW RATE WAVE LENGTH S.NO PARAMETERS 190 210 269 273 PAR NAP PAR NAP PAR NAP PAR NAP 1 Retention time 1.938 3.215 1.70 2.832 1.810 3.005 1.810 3.007 2 Area 462947 347334 406134 306784 432154 322852 426295 347442 3 % area 57.13 42.87 56.97 43.03 57.24 42.76 55.10 44.90 CONCLUSION: Thus, the above stated method for determination of PAR and NAP by UPLC method concludes as it can be quantified simultaneously by using of isocratic mobile phase of 0.4% ammonium acetate buffer: methanol: acetonitrile (40:40:20), by using of PDA detector at 271 nm. Thus the proposed method is simple, precise, accurate, rapid and sensitive, where it can be applied successfully for the assessment of PAR and NAP in combined pharmaceutical formulations. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to ideal analytical and research laboratory pondycherry, India for all the facilities provided to complete our work.

Major League Baseball

1. Briefly, what are the major developments in the history of the labor-management relationship within Major League Baseball?According to Lewicki, Barry & Saunders (2010), the major developments of labor-management relationship within Major League Baseball (MLB) started in the late 1960s and were characterized by the ongoing disputes between the owners and the players that resulted in the following hard bargaining agreements, work stoppages and lockouts: a)1st and 2nd Basic Agreement – was a contract that 1) significantly increased the minimum salary of all the players and 2) established a protocol that players could follow to air their grievances.The agreements came as a response mechanism that was used by U. S. owners who wanted to avoid the competitive pressure that had been created by the Mexican League in terms of U. S player salaries. In 1946, the Mexican Baseball League had begun hiring U. S. players and the U. S owners wanted to avoid a bidding war with the Mexican Lea gue essay writer help. In 1953, the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) was formed to serve as the player’s main bargaining body and in response, the owners formed the Major League Player Relations Committee (PRC) to serve as their main negotiating body. )3rd Basic Agreement – the MLBPA was demanding that the pension fund surplus of $1 million should be used to offset the increased cost of living but the PRC declined to budge. It was evident that both parties could not come to an agreement on how much money the owners should contribute to the player’s pension fund. The players went on strike in 1972 forcing the two sides to compromise on a contribution amount of $500,000. c)4th Basic Agreement – was a contract that 1) annihilated the reserve clause and 2) paved way for free agency.The owners implemented the reserve clause into the players’ contracts to ensure that the players could not offer their skills and services to the highest bi dder. This basically meant that the players could not switch teams and/or make more money elsewhere and dishonoring the clause would cause a player to be blacklisted from the MLB. However, the clause was challenged in 1976 after two players went to arbitration and won, by a 2 to 1 vote, the right to offer their services to the highest bidder thus killing the reserve clause. )5th Basic Agreement – the MLBPA and the PRC could not agree on how a team that was losing a free agent could be compensated thus making the players to go on strike prior to the start of the 1980 season. This forced both parties to agree on studying the free-agent compensation issue for a year after which they would regroup to revisit the issue. In 1981, the players went on strike again after the two parties failed to agree on the terms of free-agent compensation. This forced the parties to eventually reach an agreement stipulating that the team that had lost a player would in return receive a player from the signing team. )6th Basic Agreement – the MLBPA and the PRC would once again butt heads over pension contribution levels that had been agreed on in the 3rd Basic Agreement and the free-agent compensation that was agreed on in the 5th Basic Agreement. However, the two parties reached an agreement within a day to avoid a strike. f)7th Basic Agreement – in 1990, the owners tried to institute another lockout because the lack of a salary cap made it possible for large market teams to attract richer television contracts from local networks and offer players higher salaries.The owners were proposing a revenue sharing program that would mandate the larger market teams to share a portion of their revenue with the smaller market teams. The two parties reached an agreement 32 days later and the revenue sharing issue was put on hold temporarily. g)8th Basic Agreement – the owners realized that competition and financial disparity was hurting their profits while salary arb itration was driving up salary levels. They wanted salary arbitration eliminated, the salary cap introduced, free agency eligibility standards lowered and television revenue split equally with the players.However, the MLBPA rejected these proposals and the players went on strike for 232 days. The 8th Basic Agreement was agreed upon in late 1996 and it introduced the revenue sharing program that was put on hold in the 7th Basic Agreement but did not offer the owners the salary cap they had sought. h)9th Basic Agreement – the Curt Flood Act was passed in 1998 to reduce the chance of future strikes by making it possible for players to sue the owners if labor negotiations stalled. The issue of contraction was also put on hold after owners tried to eliminate competition and financial disparity by contracting/eliminating two teams from the MLB.The 9th Basic Agreement was reached by the two parties to avert another strike and it introduced the luxury tax as a way to slow down the ra te at which the players’ salaries was rising as well as save the upcoming post season. i)10th Basic Agreement – the upcoming negotiations were to take place to due to the 2002 contract that was set to expire at the end of 2006. However, a dark cloud loomed over the upcoming negotiations due to the past history of labor relations in MLB that was characterized by strikes, lockouts, lost revenue from the strikes and lockouts and unfavorable clauses that had been implemented into the players’ contracts.

What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About Essay Topics for Esl Placement Test

What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Essay Topics for Esl Placement Test Whenever you opt to ask us for skilled guidance, don't hesitate to speak to our support managers. It is possible to also find several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, in addition to make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. This form of essay writing will require that you use conditional sentence structures. You may also order a fully written compare and contrast essay and alleviate the quantity of work you must do. For instance, when the author describes blooming flowers instead of simply saying the month of May, or the way the most important character recognizes va rious characters by how they walk. You're given the freedom to not just pick compare and contrast topics by yourself, but you need the freedom to select the side of your support together with how to contrast it. In a lot of the scenarios, you should search for items to compare that have some differences but similarities too. This will be tough to compare as they don't have any similarities and are basically worlds apart. Evidently, this is the part in which you draw your conclusions. So now you are aware of how to pick the best compare and contrast topics and the various segments that you want to address when writing. Life After Essay Topics for Esl Placement Test Someone states a great beginning is a half of succeeding. The six stories below are ideal for discussions and are also rather simple to discover, whether online or in print. Just make sure it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. Dating Sites For Herpes If you are searching for a date, but are still somewhat skeptical about using an internet dating service, consider the next benefits an internet dating service can offer. The Advantages of Essay Topics for Esl Placement Test Your essay is going to be assigned one of the subsequent holistic scores depending on the criteria listed. The duration of a brief story seems less scary, and if students are ready to read fluently, they will most likely feel they can read longer parts of text. To aid in achieving organization, it's most effective to quickly make an outline for your essay. Students are going to be able to add them to their own vocabulary lists, and even see the way the words are employed in different videos. Life After Essay Topics for Esl Placement Test Then you must compose an essay on such topic. Since you may see, the topics are split between multiple categories so it would be simpler that you select one. You have to research the selected topic and discover facts to contradict your primary thesis. You can begin with the form of topic you select for your compare and contrast essay. The above mentioned compare and contrast essay topics are only a few of the numerous topics you are able to decide to talk about in your essay. Don't forget to write about either side of the argument, if you are requested to do so in the essay question. You are able to write literature review in which you reveal your sources and the way they helped in your discussion. It's possible for you to restate your thesis statement and point out a number of the arguments used over the whole essay that backs it up. The Pain of Essay Topics for Esl Placement Test Conventional classes require students to attend class at a certain time and in a particular site. It's highly advised that students review this material to make certain that they're placed into the right class. Students may arrive in before taking the test or they might arrive in before retesting. They are encouraged that when choosing a topic, you think outside the box as this will most likely earn you better grades. A seasoned professional will make an error-free assignment right away and can help you boost your grades. The one most frequent mistake made by students is neglecting to get ready for the placement test. Because they're prepared to learn, they will delight in the class. Here's What I Know About Essay Topics for Esl Placement Test Good placement is significant to your success in college. This is more of an informal kind of lesson wherever your ultimate objective is for all your students to talk in a cozy atmosphere. The aim of the ACCUPLACER English Test is to assist your college determine whether you're prepared for college-level courses or whether you should take remedial or extra courses to acquire you college ready. Short stories are an excellent way for adult ESL learners to discover common ground to get discussions. Both small and big universities can provide students with the opportunities to reach educational objectives. Results will be supplied upon finishing the test alongside information regarding the following steps required so as to register for classes. You're not permitted to use a dictionary on any portion of the test. The ACCUPLACER English Test consists of two sections and does not have any time limit.

The Balance Between Customer Service And Resource...

. The main objective of nicola is to find the balance between customer service and resource utilization, so at nice framing ,in order to meet the demands of the customer and able to satisfy their needs ,it was necessary to have a good levels of finished stock . This actually meant that Nicola needed to have enough raw materials at all times. Thus availability of a wide variety of stock meant that she actually have an edge over its competitors. Nicola’s business of Nice Framing was to put main focus on the customers , as the business is now growing because of its customer focus service , but the main reason of this was because it has many raw materials and had a wide variety of finished framed pictures in stock to wait for the customer’s choice . Those critical factors includes : 1.) Increasing customer’s satisfaction 2.) Nicola’s reputation has been built because of her reliability and responsiveness. a.1) What are the operating objectives of the business? Ans. The operating objectives of nice framing is to have atleast good levels of raw materials and must have wide variety of finished picture stock that it should be able to attract and satisfy the needs of her main clients. It was imperative for her to be able to satisfy demand very quickly and to schedule contracts onto site in accordance with the project’s required delivery slots. This actually was done â€Å"round the clock† availability, as the picture delivery and the installation took place at an unusual hours, soShow MoreRelatedThe Balance Between Customer Service And Resource Utilization Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesobjective of nicola is to find the balance between customer service and resource utilization, so at nice framing ,in order to meet the demands of the customer and able to satisfy their needs ,it was necessary to have a good levels of finished stock . This actually meant that Nicola needed to have enough raw materials at all times. Thus availabilit y of a wide variety of stock meant that she actually have an edge over its competitors. In order to use her resources , she used to make little batches ofRead MoreWhat Is Cloud Computing715 Words   |  3 PagesComputing is an innovating new IT service that enables multiple services like storage, web hosting and computing under the same roof. Many companies are moving their services to this technology with the flexibility of â€Å"pay as you go† model where a customer pays only for the services used leading to cost saving for them. It also helps in terminating the need for large infrastructure maintenance and development. Multiple Virtual Machines (VMs) having varying resource locations can be operated togetherRead MoreOperations At A Caltex Service Station1553 Words   |  7 PagesCONTENTS: 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 CUSTOMER SERVICE AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION 3 1.2 CAPACITY MANAGEMENT 4 1.3 LOCATION AND LAYOUT 4 2.1.COUSTOMER PAYS AT THE SHOP 6 2.1.1 FLOWCHART DURING THE NORMAL HOURS 6 2.1.1 FLOWCHART DURING THE PEAK HOURS 6 2.2 COUSTOMER PAYS AT THE PUMP 6 2.3 IMPLICATIONS OF USING CREDIT CARD 7 2.4 METHOD STUDY TABLE 7 3.0 REFERENCES 9 CALTEX 1.0 INTRODUCTION: The Purpose of this report is to investigate about the Operations at a Caltex Service station. The Caltex is aRead MoreA Survey On Load Balancing Cloud Computing Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesubiquitous, and on-demand access to shared resources are some of the characteristics of the cloud that have resulted in shifting the business processes to the cloud. The cloud computing attracts the attention of research community due to its potential to provide tremendous benefits to the industry and the community. But with the increasing demand of the cloud computing, there are some challenges also. The main cloud computing challenges are Data Management and Resource Allocation, Security and Privacy, LoadRead MoreCapacity Planning And Capacity Limitations1233 Words   |  5 Pagesmanaging and understanding capacity is associated with process choice, because understanding both areas can then enable CFG to make informed decisions abou t what it can and cannot do in the market. Adding capacity allows CFG to position plants and service outlets in key areas around the world. In some cases location may be influenced by industry trends (e.g. in order to develop a fluid labour pool in a China). Capacity can be considered as: The potential output of a system that may be produced inRead MoreWhat is operations management: Operations Management is the management of the process that1200 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement: Operations Management is the management of the process that transforms raw materials into goods and services. It is a never ending cycle that deals with the design and management of products, services, processes and supply chains. It also takes into consideration the procurement, development, and usage of resources that industries need to deliver those final goods and services to their clients. The stages in operations management range from strategic to tactical to operational. The strategicRead MoreOperations Management : The Administration Of Business Practices1267 Words   |  6 PagesOperations management indicates to the administration of business practices to make the most elevated amount of productivity conceivable inside an association. Operations management is concerned with changing over materials and labour into produce and services as productively as possible to amplify the profit of an organisation. Operations management groups plan the technique for change of inputs (materials, work, exclusive data, etc.) into outputs (merchandise, administrations, value added items, andRead MoreProcess Improvement Methods and Proposal1424 Words   |  6 PagesProcess Improvement Methods and Proposal OPS/HC571 December 12, 2009 Process Improvement Methods and Proposal for Middletown Hospital The CEO of Middletown hospital has been receiving complaints of long wait times and poor service in the Emergency Department at certain hours of the day. To resolve this problem a Six Sigma Team has been authorized to find the root causes of the problems and give improvement recommendations. The purpose of process improvement proposal Improvement means anRead MoreThe Impact Of Cloud Computing And Virtualization758 Words   |  4 Pagesraise the need to balance the load in datacenter. Load balancing guarantees the availability of services without degrading the performance to users. Downtime observed by users is a big issue which leads to violation of quality of services (QoS) and requirements for users in time. Solution to this problem lies in improvement of response time. In this paper, we propose an approach which reduces the time required to balance the load in the datacenter and also satisfying the service response time toRead MoreThe Importance Of Various Human Resource Functions1479 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Various Human Resource Functions As the baby boomers move into retirement, it is harder for organizations to find skilled professionals to fill their positions. In order to have an effective workforce, organizations are forced to offer a more robust compensation package to attract and maintain key employees. Due to this, over the last twenty years, human resource management (HRM) has become an essential part of the corporation’s growth and success. The human resource functions have expanded